OURTWOMOSTCOMMONwaysoftryingtoaddressourtoughestsocialchallengesaretheextremeones:,usingourgunsormoneyorvotes,topushthroughwhatwewant,stasitis.

Theseextremewaysareextremelymon,,,wecanbebossyor"goalongtogetalong."Inourmunities,wecansetthingsupsothattheyarethewaywewantthemtobe,,wecanmakedealstogetourway,aderulesorpeaceintheMiddleEast-wecantrytoimposeoursolutionsoneveryoneelse,,monwaysoftryingtoaddressourtoughestsocialchallengesusuallyfail,ftheseextremeways,,unmonwaysofaddressingsocialchallenges:waysbeyondthesedegenerativeformsofwarandpeace.

AcharacterinRent,JonathanLarson'sBroadwaymusicalaboutstrugglingartistsandmusiciansinNewYorkCity,says,"Theoppositeofwarisn'tpeace,it'screation!"[1]Toaddressourtoughestsocialchallenges,weneedawaythatisneitherwarnorpeace,?

TWOFUNDAMENTALDRIVES

Toco-createnewsocialrealities,wehavetoworkwithtwodistinctfundamentalforcesthatareintension:"power"and"love":theydealwithwhatandwhypowerandloveare,practiceisrequiredtoaddresstoughchallengesatalllevels:individual,group,munity,society.

Tillichdefinespoweras"thedriveofeverythinglivingtorealizeitself,withincreasingintensityandextensity."Sopowerinthissenseisthedrivetoachieveone'spurpose,togetone'sjobdone,"thedrivetowardstheunityoftheseparated."[2]Soloveinthissenseisthedr,ratherthanthemoremonideasofoppressivepowerandromanticlove(representedonthecoverbythegrenadeandtherose),areatthecoreofthisbook.

OURFULLWORLD

Wecannotaddressourtoughchallengesonlythrougyworld:anopenfrontier,awhitespace,

Let',BritishsettlersarrivedinAustraliaandencounteredtheindigenouspeoplewhohadarrived40,eoplewillingtotravelacrosstheglobetocreateanewsocialreality,butalsothehu,theconflictbetweensettlersandaboriginalpeoplesinAustraliawasframedintermsofthedoctrineofterranullius,aRomanlegaltermthatmeans"landbelongingtonoone,"or"emptyland."Itwasnotuntil1992thattheHighCourtofAustraliaruledthatthecontinenthadinfactneverbeenterranullius,andthatthemodern-daysettlershadtoworkoutanewwayoflivingtogetherwiththeaboriginalpeople.

,,strong,,inordertoaddressourtoughestsocialchallenges,weneedtoemploynotonlypowerbutalsolove.

Achallengeistoughwhenitisplexinthreeways.[3]Achallengeisdynamicallyplexwhencauseandeffectareinterdependentandfarapartinspaceandtime;suchchallengescannotsuccessfullybeaddressedpiecebypiece,rspectivesandinterests;suchchallengescannotsuccessfullybeaddressedbyexpertsorauthorities,nfamiliarandundetermined;suchchallengescannotsuccessfullybeaddressedbyapplying"bestpractice"solutionsfromthepast,butonlybygrowingnew,"nextpractice"solutions.

ers(andwhatothersdodoesnotaffectus),,orthatourdifferencescanberesolvedpurelythroughmarketorpoliticalorlegalpetition,,orthatwecanfirstfigureoutandthenexecutethecorrectanswer,butthisisnottrue.

Whenwepretendthatourworldisemptyratherthanfull,andthatourchallengesaresimpleratherthanplex,,weneedtoacknowledgeourinterdependence,cooperate,,

TWOPITFALLS

,a,embodyingmasculinepower,goesouttowork,kthathedenieshisconnectiontohiscolleaguesandfamily,andsobeesarobotoratyrant.

Themother,bycontrast,embodyingfemininelove,,ndembracingofherchildandfamilythatshedeniestheirandespeciallyherownneedforself-realization,andsostuntstheirandherowngrowth.[4]

,,sotooisthepopperspectivethat"allyouneedislove."

PsychologistRolloMay,afriendofPaulTillich,warnedofthedangersofdisconnectingpower(whichhereferredtoas"will")fromlove."Loveandwill,"hewrote,"s,molding,forming,,inaninnersense,"[5]May'sconjunctiveprocessesalsooperateonasociallevel,andwecaneffectnonviolentsocialchangeonlyifwecanengagebothourpowerandourlove.

Oneofthegreatestpractitionersofnonviolentsocialchange,MartinLutherKingJr.,ndaggressivewarandsubmissivepeace,therebycontributingtotherence,King-drawingonhisdoctoralstudiesofTillich'swork-emphasizedtheessentialplementaritybetweenpowerandlove.[6]"Powerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,"Kingsaid,"andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic."[7]

MyownexperienceofthepasttwentyyearsentirelybearsoutKing'ognizingthatweandothersareinterdependent,theresultwillatbestbeinsensitiveandatworst,,butdosoinawaythathobblesourownorothers'growth,theresultwillatbestbeineffectualandatworst,deceitfullyreinforcingofthestatusquo.

Powerwitho

Inhisspeech,Kingwentontosay,"Thiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralityconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtime."[8]This,andwithineachofus,weusuallyfinda"powercamp,"whichpaysattentiontointerestsanddifferences,anda"lovecamp,",politics,andsocialchange,amongothers-impedesourabilitytomakeprogressonourtoughestsocialchallenges.

ANIMPERATIVE

Purtoughestchallenges-wemustunderstandandworkwithbothofthesedrives.

Ratherthanachoicetobemadeonewayoranother,powerandloveconstitutstinthesameperson:"Wherelovereigns,thereisnowilltopower;andwherethewillpowerisparamount,"[9]HisstudentRobertJohnsonsaid,"Probablythemost,andonefindsmanymorefailuresthansuccessesintheattempttoreconcilethem."[10]

Ihaveseenmanyexamplesofrecklessandabusivepowerwithoutlove,

Ifwearetosucceedinco-creatingnewsocialrealities,